Estudio de sensibilidad de Escherichia coli productores de infecciones del tracto urinario comunitarias en Galicia. Período: 2016-2017

ObjectiveEscherichia coli (E. coli) is responsible for the majority of community urinary tract infections. The objective of the study is to know the sensitivity spectrum of E. coli in urinary tract infections to be able to recommend the appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment.DesignCross-sectional, multicentric, retrospective study.LocationGalician 8 public hospitals, practically the entire population of Galicia (Spain).Participants43,137 outpatients with urinary tract infection due to E. coli isolated in urine in 2016/2017.Main measurementsAnalyzed variables: demographic, minimum inhibitory concentration and interpretation of sensitivity according to CLSI criteria and resistance mechanisms. The antibiotics studied were: ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, cefepime, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, cotrimoxazole, imipenem and ertapenem. The identification and sensitivity were made mainly by automated methods.ResultsThe percentages of non-sensitivity of E. coli isolates were: ampicillin 49.2%, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 17.8%, cefotaxime 6.7%, cefepime 5.7%, ertapenem 0.04%, imipenem 0.05%, gentamicin 9,1%, ciprofloxacin 26.2%, fosfomycin 3.3%, nitrofurantoin 2.4% and cotrimoxazole 23.9%. The non-sensitivities were higher in men and as age increases. Six percent of E. coli were producers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.ConclusionsThe empirical treatment in Galicia for uncomplicated cystitis produced by E. coli in women continues to be nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin. In men under 15 years of age, fosfomycin is indicated and in men older than 15 years, treatment in our environment should include culture and administer a 3rd generation oral cephalosporin empirically. Cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin are not recommended as empirical treatment because of their high resistance rates.     

Therapeutic potential of ciclesonide inhalation for COVID-19 pneumonia: Report of three cases

No specific and effective anti-viral treatment has been approved for COVID-19 so far. Systemic corticosteroid has been sometimes administered to severe infectious diseases combined with the specific treatment. However, as lack of the specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug, systemic steroid treatment has not been recommended for COVID-19. We report here three cases of the COVID-19 pneumonia successfully treated with ciclesonide inhalation. Rationale of the treatment is to mitigate the local inflammation with inhaled steroid that stays in the lung and to inhibit proliferation of the virus by antiviral activity. Larger and further studies are warranted to confirm the result of these cases.     

儿童COVID-19的临床特征：一项关于SARS、MERS及COVID-19的系统评价

目的 系统总结新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）儿童病例的临床特征。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、中国知网、重庆维普和万方数据库，搜集关于儿童COVID-19的临床研究，检索时限均为建库至2020年5月21日。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后，对纳入研究进行描述性分析。并与严重呼吸窘迫综合征（SARS）、中东呼吸综合征（MERS）儿童病例相关指标进行比较。结果 共纳入75个研究，包括COVID-19儿童病例806例。研究结果显示：患儿年龄在生后36?h到18岁不等，男女比例为1.21?：?1。与SARS、MERS病例类似，COVID-19病例最常见感染方式为家庭聚集感染，占74.6%（601/806）。COVID-19、SARS及MERS病例临床症状相似，以发热、咳嗽为主。部分患儿出现消化道症状。上述三者无症状感染儿童比例分别为17.9%（144/806）、2.5%（2/81）及57.1%（12/21）。COVID-19、MERS病例胸部影像学病变以双侧为主，病变阳性率分别为63.4%（421/664）及26.3%（5/19），均低于其病毒核酸检测阳性率（分别为99.8%及100%）。而SARS病例胸部影像学以单侧病变为主，其影像学阳性率为88.9%（72/81），高于病毒核酸检测阳性率（29.2%）。COVID-19及SARS患儿粪便中均检测到病毒核酸，检测阳性率分别为60.2%（56/93）、71.4%（5/7）。COVID-19患儿重症率及病死率分别为4.5%（31/686）、0.1%（1/806）；SARS儿童重症率及病死率分别为1.5%（1/68）、0%；MERS儿童重症率及病死率分别为14.3%（3/21）、9.5%（2/21）。结论 儿童COVID-19临床症状与儿童SARS、MERS相似，以发热、咳嗽为主，均存在无症状感染者，但COVID-19和SARS儿童的病情较MERS轻。家庭聚集感染为COVID-19儿童重要的感染方式。流行病学接触史、影像学检查及病毒核酸检测结果是诊断COVID-19的重要依据。     

Coronavirus disease 2019-associated immunoglobulin A vasculitis/Henoch–Schönlein purpura: A case report and review

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis or Henoch–Schönlein purpura is a predominantly pediatric disease occurring after a triggering viral or bacterial infection. Conversely, drug exposure is the most common inciting event in adult cases of IgA vasculitis. Recently, data has suggested a temporal association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the development of IgA vasculitis in children and adults. Here, we describe a case of IgA vasculitis with nephritis in a 70-year-old man with COVID-19 and perform a comprehensive review of eight reported cases of suspected COVID-19-associated IgA vasculitis. When compared to classical IgA vasculitis, COVID-19-associated IgA vasculitis exclusively affects males (p < 0.00002) and is more common in adults (p < 0.005). Among cases of COVID-19-associated IgA vasculitis, adult cases were associated with significantly more arthralgia than pediatric cases (p = 0.04). In cases where skin biopsy was obtained, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) was negative for IgA in 50% of cases; thereafter, kidney biopsy DIF was positive for IgA in all cases. With this study, we provide support for an association between IgA vasculitis and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and provide clinical information differentiating its manifestations from classical IgA vasculitis.     

胎膜早破孕妇血清炎性标志物变化､生殖道感染情况及羊膜腔感染危险因素分析

目的研究胎膜早破(PROM)孕妇血清炎症标志物水平变化?生殖道感染情况及引起羊膜腔感染的可能相关因素,并分析引起PROM的危险因素。方法将2017年6月至2020年6月台州市中心医院收治的113例PROM患者纳入观察组,同期正常妊娠并分娩的120例孕产妇纳入对照组。比较两组血清炎性标志物[血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)?C反应蛋白(CRP)]及下生殖道感染情况,并行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析影响PROM的独立危险因素;分析PROM孕产妇的羊膜腔感染情况,分析血清炎性标志物?生殖道感染与羊膜腔感染的关系。结果观察组血清炎性标志物VCAM-1?CRP水平及下生殖道感染率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,下生殖道感染?血清VCAM-1水平?血清CRP水平及双胎妊娠均是影响PROM的独立危险因素;统计发现,PROM合并羊膜腔感染者共31例,其血清VCAM-1水平?血清CRP水平及下生殖道感染率均显著高于非羊膜腔感染者(P<0.05)。结论下生殖道感染?血清炎性标志物水平升高及双胎妊娠是PROM发生的独立危险因素,且下生殖道感染及炎性标志物水平升高还可能是影响羊膜腔感染发生的因素之一。     

研究分析交锁髓内钉内固定术对创伤性下肢长管状骨骨折的治疗效果

目的研究分析交锁髓内钉内固定术对创伤性下肢长管状骨骨折的治疗效果。方法将2017年4月-2018年4月本院收治的180例创伤性下肢长管状骨骨折患者进行本次研究,按挂号先后顺序均分为参照组和观察组,各90例。参照组用钢板内固定术治疗,观察组用交锁髓内钉内固定术治疗,比较两组的愈合情况和并发症发生情况。结果治疗后,参照组的愈合情况显著差于观察组;参照组的并发症发生情况高于观察组,采用有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论交锁髓内钉内固定术对创伤性下肢长管状骨骨折的治疗有非常好的效果,保障了患者的恢复情况,减少了患者治疗后的并发症情况。